Article

8 Tips to Help You Win Every Debate Competition

1. Be Confident and Well-Prepared

Prepare well for ‘Debate Topic’. Do research on the topic, write notes for important points. memorise important topics, do counter preparation, and don’t take the stress. If you feel nervousness, then take a mock debate with your friends so that you can overcome the anxiety.

2. Introduction

a) The first affirmative speaker does not have to talk about any arguments from the other team. They can focus on presenting their team’s case in a way that gets attention. The first speaker should have the skills of an actor.

b) The second speaker, on the other hand, should be more of an “arguer”. They should enjoy finding weaknesses in opposing arguments and coming up with strong counter-arguments. The final speakers, or “closers”, should have excellent logical thinking and be able to think of rebuttals (answers to the other team’s arguments) on the spot, as it’s difficult to know beforehand what the opposition will say.

c) The third speaker needs to advance the team’s stance while countering the main points made by the first speaker of the other team. They need to be cool and clear, almost like a teacher.

3. Know Your Audience

You should know that the audience includes a panel of judges, school students, and participating students as well as other teachers. Therefore, you need to maintain your posture, gestures and interaction with your audience.

4. Respect and Self-Control

While you are doing a debate, you will be required to discuss in favour or against the topic, so you need to maintain that you are part of a formal discussion. You must not take anything personally. Just be calm and put forth your points about the debate. If you do not maintain your calm and firmness in front of an audience then you may lose scores from the judges.   

5. Facts and Theory

Even though your own arguments are the most important, far too many debaters discount the importance of referring to evidence, especially that read in the early speeches. Delivering evidence can help you seek the attention of the judges as well as the audience. Also, the data should be authentic so that your opponent can not raise doubts about it. Using theories and numbers can help your win brownie points.

6. Praise Your Opponents

Pay attention to your opponent’s view and theories during the debate. Moreover, whenever they make a good and valid point during the debate then, you should be affirmative about it and should agree with them. Agreeing to their valid points can be affirmative of your view too and judges will appreciate that you have knowledge of the topic.

7. Time Management

Each speaker has a time limit of three minutes. They must find the balance between speaking quickly and expressing points clearly. The best way to manage your time in a debate is to practice a lot. Find out if you’re speaking too slowly or too quickly, and fix it.

8. Remember that Debate is a Team Activity

Even if you are stronger than your partner, you shouldn’t take over their speech or answer all of their questions in cross-examination. Make sure that you and your partner are going over arguments together so that you can teach each other the best arguments to make. 

Effective Ways to Build Your Vocabulary

Learning how to build a better vocabulary can be a pleasurable and profitable investment of both your time and effort. At least fifteen minutes a day of concentrated study on a regular basis can bring about a rapid improvement in your vocabulary skills, which in turn can increase your ability to communicate by writing, conversing, or making speeches. Acquiring a large vocabulary can benefit you in school, at work, and socially. It will enable you to understand others' ideas better and to have the satisfaction of getting your thoughts and ideas across more effectively.

Of course, you already know thousands of words, and you will continue to learn more whether you work at it or not. The fact is that many of the words you know were probably learned simply by coming across them often enough in your reading, in conversation, and even while watching television. But increasing the pace of your learning requires a consistent, dedicated approach. If you learned only one new word a day for the next three years, you would have over a thousand new words in your vocabulary. However, if you decided right now to learn ten new words a day, in one year you would have added over three thousand to what you already know, and probably have established a lifetime habit of learning and self-improvement.

Four basic steps to a better vocabulary

While there are not any magic shortcuts to learning words, the larger your vocabulary becomes, the easier it will be to connect a new word with words you already know, and thus remember its meaning. So your learning speed, or pace, should increase as your vocabulary grows. There are four basic steps to building your vocabulary:

1. Be Aware of Words

Many people are surprised when they are told they have small vocabularies. “But I read all the time!” they protest. This shows that reading alone may not be enough to make you learn new words. When we read a novel, for instance, there is usually a strong urge to get on with the story and skip over unfamiliar or perhaps vaguely known words. But while it is obvious when a word is totally unknown to you, you have to be especially aware of words that seem familiar to you but whose precise meanings you may not really know.

Instead of avoiding these words, you will need to take a closer look at them. First, try to guess at a word's meaning from its context—that is, the sense of the passage in which it appears; second, if you have a dictionary on hand, look up the word's meaning immediately. This may slow down your reading somewhat, but your improved understanding of each new word will eventually speed your learning of other words, making reading easier. Make a daily practice of noting words of interest to you for further study whenever you are reading, listening to the radio, talking to friends, or watching television.

2. Read

When you have become more aware of words, reading is the next important step to increasing your knowledge of words, because that is how you will find most of the words you should be learning. It is also the best way to check on words you have already learned. When you come across a word you have recently studied, and you understand it, that proves you have learned its meaning.

What should you read? Whatever interests you—whatever makes you want to read. If you like sports, read the sports page of the newspapers; read magazines like Sports Illustrated; read books about your favorite athletes. If you are interested in interior decorating, read a magazine like House Beautiful—read it, don't just look at the photographs.

Often people with very low vocabularies don't enjoy reading at all. It's more of a chore for them than a pleasure because they don't understand many of the words. If this is the way you feel about reading, try reading easier things. Newspapers are usually easier than magazines; a magazine like Reader's Digest is easier to read than The Atlantic Monthly. There is no point in trying to read something you simply are not able to understand or are not interested in. The important idea is to find things to read you can enjoy, and to read as often and as much as possible with the idea of learning new words always in mind.

3. Use a Dictionary

Most people know how to use a dictionary to look up a word's meaning. Here are some pointers on how to do this as a part of a vocabulary-building program:

• Have your own dictionary: Keep it where you usually do your reading at home. You are more likely to use it if you do not have to get it from another room. At work, there may be a good dictionary available for your use. At home, most people do not have a big, unabridged dictionary; however, one of the smaller collegiate dictionaries would be fine to start with.
• Circle the words you look up: After you have done this for a while, your eye will naturally move to the words you have circled whenever you flip through the dictionary. This will give you a quick form of review.
• Read the entire entry for the word you look up: Remember, words can have more than one meaning, and the meaning you need for the word you are looking up may not be the first one given in your dictionary. Even if it is, the other meanings of the word will help you understand the different ways the word is used. Also, the word's history, usually given near the beginning of the entry, can often give a fascinating picture of the way the word has developed its current meaning. This will add to the pleasure of learning the word as well as help you remember it.

4. Study and Review Regularly

Once you have begun looking up words and you know which ones to study, vocabulary building is simply a matter of reviewing the words regularly until you fix them in your memory. This is best done by setting aside a specific amount of time each day for vocabulary study. During that time you can look up new words you have noted during the day and review old words you are in the process of learning. Set a goal for the number of words you would like to learn and by what date, and arrange your schedule accordingly. Fifteen minutes a day will bring better results than half an hour once a week or so. However, if half an hour a week is all the time you have to spare, start with that. You may find more time later on, and you will be moving in the right direction.

In order to review words effectively, all the information on a word should be kept in one place—in a notebook, for example, or on an index card. Index cards are convenient because the words can be placed in alphabetical order, which makes them easy to find when reviewing; and the cards can be carried around with you, so you can study them anywhere. You should try to be systematic about studying, so that you are sure to review each word at least once every couple of weeks.

Do not throw cards away, though; you can get a great feeling of accomplishment by looking at the growing stack of words you have learned and by occasionally glancing at an old card and thinking, “Once I actually didn't know the meaning of this word!”

5. Other vocabulary building materials

The steps we have just discussed do not involve the use of vocabulary-building aids such as books, tapes, or CDs; all that is required is a dictionary. But what about such materials? Are they worth using? We say yes.

The first advantage of vocabulary-building books is that they present you with words generally considered important to know, thus saving you time. Another advantage of many of these books is that they will use the words in several sentences, so that you can see the words in different contexts. A third advantage is that they usually have exercises that test what you have learned, which gives you a clear sense of progress.

The major disadvantage of many of these books is that the words in them may sometimes be too difficult for the person who does not have a large vocabulary. Such a person would have a hard time learning these words and could quickly become discouraged. We suggest, therefore, that you scan the materials you are interested in before buying. If most of the words are totally unfamiliar to you, you will probably not get very much out of it. If, however, you recognize many of the words but do not quite know them, then the material is probably at the right level for you.

Many books approach vocabulary building by teaching you word parts—prefixes, suffixes and roots—and showing you how these parts can go together to form many different words. You might find this approach useful, because it will make you sensitive to how words are formed, and this can often be a help in figuring out a word's meaning from its context.

The important thing to keep in mind is that these materials are not a complete substitute for the process we have been talking about. One book will not give you all the words you need to know. Besides, you are establishing a lifetime interest in building your vocabulary, and just selecting one way to approach it may not be enough. However, the use of vocabulary-study materials as a supplement to the “Four Basic Steps” will reinforce your learning and speed your progress immediately.

6. Motivation

Perhaps the most important factor in a successful vocabulary-building program is motivation. It will be very difficult for you to study words month after month without a strong feeling that it is worth doing, that a larger vocabulary will help you in school and on the job, and that it can well lead to a more exciting and fulfilling life. We certainly feel that this is true, for nothing we measure at the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation contributes more to success in life more than vocabulary. Your time could not be better spent.

We know you can expand your vocabulary almost as fast as you wish. There are countless examples of people who have done so. Remember, you started out in life knowing no words, and now you know thousands. You can learn many more. Why not start today?

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PENDAHULUAN

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT, Tuhan seluruh alam. Shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah SAW, sahabat, serta seluruh pengikutnya yang selalu istiqamah hingga akhir jaman.

Isra dan Mi’raj adalah dua bagian dari perjalanan yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam waktu satu malam saja. Kejadian ini merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting bagi umat Islam, karena pada peristiwa ini Nabi Muhammad SAW mendapat perintah untuk menunaikan shalat lima waktu sehari semalam dari yang semulanya lima puluh waktu sehari semalam. Subhanallah.

“Maha Suci Allah, yang telah memperjalankan hamba-Nya pada suatu malam dari Al Masjidil Haram ke Al Masjidil Aqsha yang telah Kami berkahi sekelilingnya agar Kami perlihatkan kepadanya sebagian dari tanda-tanda (kebesaran) Kami.Sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Mengetahui.”(QS. Al-Isra: 17)

Peringatan Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW bagi kaum muslim merupakan wujud cinta kasih kepada junjungan kita Rasulullah SAW yang telah menunjukkan jalan yang menuju keridhoan Allah SWT yakni berupa agama Islam yang dituntun dengan ajaran yang bersumber pada hukum Islam yakni Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadist.

Banyak sekali faidah-faidah yang terkandung dalam Peringatan Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW sehingga melatarbelakangikami dari Sie KeagamaanKarang Taruna Manggala MudaSudipayung untuk memperingati salah satu hari bersejarah tersebut.

Ukhuwah islamiyah harus terus dibangun dan dipelihara dimuka bumi ini sebagai penjabaran dari aplikasi aktif seluruh umat muslim dalam menjaga kemaslahatan di dunia dan di akhirat. Melalui peringatan hari bersejarah Islamini  diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ukhuwah Islamiyah dan tali silaturahmi, serta perilaku yang sesuai dengan syariat Islam diawali dari lingkungan terkecil yaitu lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat khususnya masyarakat di Dusun Laban Desa Sudipayung, dan masyarakat yang lebih luas lagi.

Peringatan Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW 1435 H merupakan salah satu pengapresiasian dari kita selaku Ummat Islam untuk menjunjung tinggi Nabi kita semua sebagai suri tauladan di muka bumi ini. Hal ini baik sekali terutama sebagai pembelajaran kepada generasi penerus kita berikutnya. Sebagai bentuk apresiasi yang bermanfaat dan patut dilestarikan kepada taruna-taruni Karang Taruna Manggala Muda Sudipayung yang mana secara keseluruhan beranggotakan muslim.

TUJUAN

1.    Memperingati hari bersejarah Islam “Isra’ Mi’raj” Nabi Muhammad SAW, sebagai sosok kemahabbahan masyarakat pada junjungan alam penutup para nabi

2.    Mengadakan forum atau media persaudaraan dengan kegiatan yang memotivasi, menginspirasi, mencerahkan dan memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat

3.    Media introspeksi diri dalam menjalani kehidupan sehingga berpengaruh pada daya spiritualitas masyarakat akan kualitas dan persentasi keimanan

4.    Memberikan motivasi kepada generasi penerus agar selalu memegang teguh tali agama dan dapat membentengi diri dengan keimanan dan ketakwaan yang kuat

5.    Media syiar Islam dan mempererat ukhuwah Islamiyah taruna-taruni Karang Taruna Manggala Muda Sudipayung.

TEMA

Melalui peringatan Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAWmari kita wujudkan ukhuwah Islamiyah dan menanamkan akhlakul karimah.

JENIS KEGIATAN

Pengajian Umum dan Hiburan

PELAKSANA KEGIATAN

Pelaksana kegiatan ini adalah Karang Taruna Manggala Muda Sudipayung yang dilindungi oleh Kepala Desa Sudipayung

SUSUNAN PANITIA

          Pelindung                         : Sutono, A.Md. (Kepala Desa)

Penanggung Jawab           : Maskon (Ketua RT 03/III)

                                        Suparno (Ketua RT 04/III)

                                        Nadirin (Ketua RT 05/III)

Ketua Pelaksana                : Tomy Widiyanto, S.Pd.

Sekretaris                        : Evi Kusdiyanti

                                        Amelia

Bendahara                        : Yuli Puji Lestari

                                        Rizal Adi Suseno

Sie Acara                         :…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

Humas                   :…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

Sie Konsumsi                    :…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

  …………………….

  …………………….

  …………………….

Sie Dokumentasi               : …………………….

Pembawa Acara                : Yuli Puji Lestari

                                        Nisa Zulfia Anjani

SASARAN KEGIATAN

Sasaran kegiatan ini adalahdikhususkan kepada masyarakat Dusun Laban RT 03/III, RT 04/III dan RT 05/III Desa Sudipayung dan masyarakat Desa Sudipayung secara keseluruhan dan sekitarnya.

ANGGARAN DANA

Pengeluaran      

1. Panggung 4x6 m                     : Rp. 400.000,-

2. Sewa Tratak 1 biji                   : Rp. 100.000,-

3. Sewa Sound System                : Rp. 1.000.000,-

4. Konsumsi                               : Rp. 4.000.000,-

a. Aqua gelas                             : 500 biji (10 dus)             : Rp. 400.000,-

b. Roti                                                : 500 biji x Rp. 1.000,-      : Rp. 500.000,-

c. Jeruk                                     : 500 buah                       : …………………….

d. Potato                                   : 500 biji                          : …………………….

e. Konsumsi Penceramah             : larutan cap kaki tiga, aqua botol, teh                                                             botol, dan teh jeruk : …………………….

5. Bisaroh Penceramah                : Rp. 1.000.000,-

6. Bisaroh Qiro’ah                       : Rp. 200.000,-

7. MMT                                      : Rp. 100.000,-

8. Tenaga Masak (2 Orang)          : Rp. 200.000,-

9. Name Tag                    : Rp. 200.000,-

10. Lain-lain                     : Rp. 800.000,-

TOTAL                             : Rp. 8.000.000,-

Pemasukan

1.    Warga Dusun Laban          : …………………………………

2.    Donatur                           : …………………………………

3.    Jumlah                             : …………………………………

Kalkulasi Dana

                    Pengeluaran            : Rp. 8.000.000,-

                   Pemasukan             : Rp. 8.000.000,-

                   Saldo akhir             : Rp 0

PENUTUP

Demikian Proposal Kegiatan Memperingati Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW ini kami buat dengan harapan dapat memberikan penjelasan kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait dalam kegiatan tersebut.Keberhasilan dan kelancaran kegiatan ini bergantung pada kerjasama dan kesungguhan seluruh panitia pelaksana maupun semua pihak.

Semoga kegiatan ini mampu menjadi motivasi dan inspirasi.Motivasi agar generasi mendatang menjadi lebih baik serta selalu bersemangat untuk mendalami ilmu Islam.Inpirasi bagi seluruh umat Islam umumnya dan khususnya bagi generasi muda untuk selalu mencontoh pribadi Rasulullah SAW.

Atas bantuan dan partisipasi dari semua pihak yang terlibat dalam acara ini, kami ucapkan terima kasih.

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Sudipayung, 30 Oktober 2016

Hormat Kami,

Ketua Pelaksana                                                 Sekretaris

Tomy Widiyanto, S.Pd.                                            Evi Kusdiyanti

Mengetahui,

          Ketua RT 03/III            Ketua RT 04/III            Ketua RT 05/III

                Maskon                              Suparno                          Nadirin                                                 

Menyetujui,

Kepala Desa Sudipayung

Sutono, A.Md.

                             PANITIA PELAKSANA

  KEGIATAN PERINGATAN ISRA’ MI’RAJ NABI MUHAMMAD SAW 1438 H

                     KARANG TARUNA MANGGALA MUDA SUDIPAYUNG – NGAMPEL - KENDAL

 

Nomor                   : 02/PHBN/XI/2016

Lamp.           : 1 (Satu) Bandel Proposal

Hal               : Surat Permohonan Bantuan Dana

Kepada

Yth. Bpk/Ibu : ………………………………

di-Tempat

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah S.W.T yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayahnya sehingga kita semua masih tetap dalam keadaan sehat wal’afiat tanpa kekurangan apa pun.

Sehubungan dengan akan dilaksanakannya serangkaian acara dalam rangka memperingati Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad S.A.W 1438 H, kami berharap kesediaan Bpk/Ibu untuk menjadi donatur memberikan sumbangan dana guna dialokasikan untuk kebutuhan kegiatan tersebut.

Adapun bentuk serta susunan acara yang akan kami selenggarakan dapat dilihat dalam proposal yang kami lampirkan.

Demikian surat permohonan sumbangan dana ini kami buat, atas perhatian  dan kesediaan Bpk/Ibu kami ucapkan terimakasih.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Sudipayung, ………………., ……….

Panitia Kegiatan

Ketua,                                                                                          Sekretaris,

Tomy Widiyanto, S.Pd.                                                                    Evi Kusdiyanti

Mengetahui

Kepala Desa Sudipayung,

 Sutono, A.Md.

Sometimes we are still confused in seeing case about the use of USE and USAGE in English, we will discuss much more deeply about both of them. “Use” and “usage” overlap somewhat, but they are not entirely synonymous. Many people treat “usage” as if it were just a fancier form of “use” in phrases like “make usage of,” where “make use of” is the standard expression. As a rule of thumb, if either “use” or “usage” seems appropriate, go with “use.”

use Meaning(s)

• (n) the act of using
• (n) what something is used for
• (n) a particular service
• (n) (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing
• (n) (psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition
• (n) exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage
• (n) (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property
• (v) put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
• (v) take or consume (regularly or habitually)
• (v) use up, consume fully
• (v) seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage
• (v) avail oneself to
• (v) habitually do something (use only in the past tense)

usage Meaning(s)

• (n) accepted or habitual practice
• (n) the act of using
• (n) the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written

That is all a brief explanation about the use of use and usage it may be useful and add our insight to improve the English proficiency.

Greenhouse Effect

            Greenhouse effect, which was first proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824, is the process of heating the surface of a celestial body (especially a planet or satellite) caused by the composition and state of the atmosphere. Mars, Venus, and other celestial bodies-atmosphere (such as a natural satellite of Saturn, Titan) that they have greenhouse effect.
              
            The term greenhouse effect derived from the experience of the farmers who live in temperate climates who use greenhouses to grow vegetables and flowers. The temperature in the greenhouse is higher than outside the greenhouse.

This is because due to sunlight through glass will be reflected back by objects in the room Sebai glass heat wave in the form of infrared light, but the heat wave is trapped and does not mix with the cold outside air. That's the simple drawings of the greenhouse effect. "Greenhouse effect" often gets a bad reputation because of its correlation with global warming, but the fact is we can not live without it.

Cause
            Greenhouse effect is caused by increasing the concentration of fuel gas, (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increas of CO2 concentration is due to the increase in combustion and other organic fuels are beyond the ability of plants and sea to absorb it.

Energy into the Earth:

    25% is reflected by clouds or other particles in the atmosphere
    25% absorbed by clouds
    45% absorbed by the Earth's surface
    5% is reflected back by the earth's surface

The absorbed energy is reflected back in the form of infrared radiation by clouds and the Earth's surface. However, most of the infrared emitted by clouds and the earth retained CO2 and other gases is to be returned to the earth's surface.

Beside CO2 gas, which can cause the greenhouse effect are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and some organic compounds such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These gases play an important role in enhancing the greenhouse effect.
            There are several factors that can lead to elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the air:
1. First, industrial activities that are not environmentally friendly. This is because the industries that use fuel made from coal, petroleum and natural gas on a large scale. Coal consists largely of carbon, which when burned it produces carbon dioxide reacts with oxygen. Natural gas and petroleum hydrocarbons including class, which when burned will produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. That is why the industries need a special attention in order to have the exhaust system and the exhaust gas waste and do not pollute the environment either.
2. Second, irregular and high population growth. In spite of  small, the significantly population increase can trigger increased levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
3. Third, Cutting trees illegally in the forest that no replanting efforts are balanced. The herbs act as neutralizing carbon dioxide.
4. Fourth, the increasing use of vehicles. Petroleum fuel consumed by vehicles will produce exhaust gases that increase the levels of carbon dioxide in the air. The more of  vehicle users in hydrocarbon fuel, the carbon dioxide levels in the air will increase.

Result
            Earth's increasing surface temperature will result in a very extreme climate changes in the Earth. This case can lead to the disruption of forests and other ecosystems, thereby reducing its ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The other result of global warming is the melting of icebergs in the pole regions can lead to the rising of sea levels. Greenhouse effect will lead to the rising of sea temperatures that sea water expands and sea level rise occurred which resulted in the island nation will have a huge influence.
According to the simulation calculations, the greenhouse effect has increased the Earth's average temperature 1-5 ° C. When the trend of increasing greenhouse gases remain as it is now would cause an increase in global warming between 1.5 to 4.5 ° C around the year 2030. With increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the more heat waves reflected from the Earth's surface is absorbed the atmosphere. This case will cause the earth's surface temperature to rise.

Efforts

a. For vehicles users are necessary to use a special equipment to filter the exhaust (exhaust gas exit point) that can neutralize and reduce the negative impact of the exhaust gas. It could also replace the fuel with alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as solar power (sun) or biodiesel. In addition, the goverment must establish the regulation of  expired in vehicles using, while it must be applied well. On the other hand, nowdays, people who use vehicle can change their vehicle fuels with electric cars which are girdering  in our country.

b. For  industrial scale, it needs to be made exhaust systems and a good exhaust gas recycling. It has to take a note which way will be removed and must pay attention to the surrounding environment.

c. Reforestation of deforested land is one of the measures to curb the excess carbon dioxide in the air. Including the planting of trees along the highway that can neutralize air pollution along the highway.

d. In addition,  it is necessary to manage rubbishes. The management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling, or disposal of waste materials. This case usually refers to waste materials that result from human activities, and usually managed to reduce  its impact on health, the environment or the beauty. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources. The rubbish management can involve solid, liquid, gas, or radioactive methods and expertise specific to each type of substance.

Suggestion

World in which we live is not just for a few years. It is not just for us alone but it is for our generation, too, who will enjoy living in this world. If we are not going to maintain and take care of this earth who will take over beside us. Since the early we start to improve our attitude. We must begin friendly to the environment. We must begin to be wise to the earth. If it is not from now, so we will feel a huge impact for future generations. Global warming is not caused by nature but also global warming due to human activities that are actually getting greedy, less friendly to the environment as in the Qur'an of surah Ar Rum verse 41:

ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ لِيُذِيقَهُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

“Mischief has appeared on the land and sea, because of (the need) that the hands of man have earned, that (Allah) may give them a taste of some of their deeds: in order that they may turn back (from evil).” (Quran 30:41)

           Mischief in this verse is what human do to our Earth that is burning fossil fuel, war and global warming. Allah give human a taste of what has been done wrong by human such as typhonns, hurricanes and rising temperature of the Earth. This will lead human to think back of our 200 year old tradition of burning fossil fuel.

            This is our team’s mission is to let people know about our Earth so that human will learn from their mistake and can change our home become greener again.

                                                                    *****

Antibiotic

Antibiotic is a drug produced by certain microbes. Antibiotics destroy other microbes that damage human tissues. They are used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including gonorrhea, tonsillitis and tuberculosis. Antibiotics are sometimes called “wonder drugs” because they can cure diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia and scarlet fever. But, when the antibiotics are overused, or misused, these drugs make a person sensitive being attacked by a super bug.

Antibiotics do not always distinguish between harmless and dangerous microbes. If a drug destroys too many harmless micro-organisms, the pathogenic ones-the dangerous microbes-will have a greater chance to multiply. This situation often leads to the development of a new infection called suprainfection. Extensive use of some antibiotics may damage organs and tissues. For example, streptomysin which is used to treat tuberculosis, has caused kidney damage and deafness.

Resistance to antibiotics may be acquired by pathogenic microbes. The resistant microbes transfer genetic material to non-resistant microbes and cause them to become resistant. During antibiotic treatment, non-resistant microbes are destroyed, but resistant types survive and multiply.

The most important is to avoid the side effect of antibiotics, you had better not urge your doctor to prescribe antibiotics. Keep in mind that antibiotics are only useful bacterial infections and have no effect on viruses, so they cannot be used for chicken pox, measles and other viral diseases.

Ordering of Ideas

1. Time Order (Chronology) :

-          When; when the antibiotics are overused, or misused, these drugs make a person sensitive being attacked by a super bug. (The first paragraph, fourth sentence)

2. Place Order :

-          By; Antibiotic is a drug produced by certain microbes. (The first paragraph, the first sentence)

-          By; Resistance to antibiotics may be acquired by pathogenic microbes. (The thirth paragraph, the first sentence)

-          These drugs make a person sensitive being attacked by a super bug. (The first paragraph, last sentence)

-          On; Keep in mind that antibiotics are only useful bacterial infections and have no effect on viruses. (The last paragraph, the second sentence)

3. Order of Importance

- Most important; The most important is to avoid the side effect of antibiotics, you had better not urge your doctor to prescribe antibiotics. (The last paragraph, the first sentence)